Official websites use. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Apraxia of speech AOS —also known as acquired apraxia of speech, verbal apraxia, or childhood apraxia of speech CAS when diagnosed in children—is a speech sound disorder.
Someone with AOS has trouble saying what he or she wants to say correctly and consistently. AOS is a neurological disorder that affects the brain pathways involved in planning the sequence of movements involved in producing speech. The brain knows what it wants to say, but cannot properly plan and sequence the required speech sound movements. AOS is not caused by weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles the muscles of the jaw, tongue, or lips. Weakness or paralysis of the speech muscles results in a separate speech disorder, known as dysarthria.
Some people have both dysarthria and AOS, which can make diagnosis of the two conditions more difficult. The severity of AOS varies from person to person. It can be so mild that it causes trouble with only a few speech sounds or with pronunciation of words that have many syllables.
In the most severe cases, someone with AOS might not be able to communicate effectively by speaking, and may need the help of alternative communication methods. The long-term effects of brain injury will be different for each person and can range from mild to profound. A person with alcohol related brain impairment ARBI might experience problems with coordination, thinking, planning and memory. If a person with alcohol related brain impairment is aware of their memory limits, they can learn how to deal with them.
People with alcohol related brain impairment benefit when their life is organised and follows a good structure. Loss of memory can be temporary or permanent, but 'amnesia' usually refers to the temporary variety.
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Skip to main content. Brain and nerves. Home Brain and nerves. Childhood apraxia of speech. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet.
On this page. Causes of childhood apraxia of speech Features of childhood apraxia of speech Diagnosis of childhood apraxia of speech Support for people with childhood apraxia of speech CAS — suggestions for parents, carers and family members Where to get help. Causes of childhood apraxia of speech There is no known cause of CAS.
CAS is often treated with speech therapy, in which children practice the correct way to say words, syllables and phrases with the help of a speech-language pathologist. Children with childhood apraxia of speech CAS may have many speech symptoms or characteristics that vary depending on their age and the severity of their speech problems.
These symptoms are usually noticed between ages 18 months and 2 years, and may indicate suspected CAS. As children produce more speech, usually between ages 2 and 4, characteristics that likely indicate CAS include:. Many children with CAS have difficulty getting their jaws, lips and tongues to the correct positions to make a sound, and they may have difficulty moving smoothly to the next sound.
Many children with CAS also have language problems, such as reduced vocabulary or difficulty with word order. Some symptoms may be unique to children with CAS and can be helpful to diagnose the problem.
However, some symptoms of CAS are also symptoms of other types of speech or language disorders. It's difficult to diagnose CAS if a child has only symptoms that are found both in CAS and in other types of speech or language disorders. Some characteristics, sometimes called markers, help distinguish CAS from other types of speech disorders. Those particularly associated with CAS include:. Other characteristics are seen in most children with speech or language problems and aren't helpful in distinguishing CAS.
Characteristics seen both in children with CAS and in children with other types of speech or language disorders include:. Some speech sound disorders often get confused with CAS because some of the characteristics may overlap. These speech sound disorders include articulation disorders, phonological disorders and dysarthria.
A child who has trouble learning how to make specific sounds, but doesn't have trouble planning or coordinating the movements to speak, may have an articulation or phonological disorder. Articulation and phonological disorders are more common than CAS. Dysarthria is a motor speech disorder that is due to weakness, spasticity or inability to control the speech muscles.
Making speech sounds is difficult because the speech muscles can't move as far, as quickly or as strongly as normal. People with dysarthria may also have a hoarse, soft or even strained voice, or slurred or slow speech.
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